| Sanitation Verdict | 13/20 |
| Water Verdict | 13/20 |
| WASH % of gov. budget | 2.77% (2010) |
| Key Facts | |
|---|---|
| HDI Position (UNDP) | 144/177 |
| Population (millions, World Bank) | 28.8 |
| Child mortality rate (UNICEF) | 51/1000 |
| Annual child diarrhoea deaths (UNICEF) | 9,000 |
The majority of data on this country page was provided by Traffic Lights Publication 2011 from UNICEF/WaterAid/WSP washwatch@gmail.com
(Monitoring the SACOSAN declarations)
Last edited by Shikha Shrestha at WaterAid Nepal about 1 year ago
See regional summary| Category | Criteria | Rating | Justification |
|---|---|---|---|
| Verdict (out of 20) | 13 | ||
| Policy | Is there one national plan and policy to meet the sanitation MDG target? | 2 | Master plan of sanitation and hygiene has been finalized. Implementation guideline is also in the preparation phase to ensure proper implementation of the plan. Urban WASH policy has been finalized and cabinet approval has been received in August 2009 http://www.moppw.gov.np/pdf/Urbaneng.pdf. |
| Is sanitation recognised as a human right, and are there specific initiatives are focusing on women and marginalised groups? | 2 | Sanitation and water rights embedded in the draft of the new constitution. Analysis of the current budget of 2010/11 revealed that 99.9% of the WASH sector budget is gender sensitive, and that 61% of the sectoral budget is pro-poor. | |
| Have specific actions have been taken to improve the working conditions of sanitary workers? | 1 | Kathmandu Municipal Corporation has initiated preliminary program for improving working conditions of sanitary workers, but these need to be expanded | |
| Institutions | Is there a clear institutional home taking leadership on sanitation? | 1 | MPPW is the lead agency. The recognition of responsibilities of other ministries are acknowledged in master plan but not yet clarified by implementation guideline. District Water Supply and Sanitation Coordination Committees are formulated but coordination of stakeholders have yet to be improved. |
| Is there one coordinating body for sanitation involving all stakeholders? | 2 | Steering Committee for National Sanitation Action established to provide strategic guidance. On the other hand, there is presence of National Sanitation Task force has been formed and is mostly focused on event based activities | |
| Is there a plan for sanitation sector capacity development, especially of local governments? | 1 | MPPW has “Human Resource Development Project”, and establishment of Sector Effectiveness Improvement Unit (SEIU) where coordinated approach is being envisioned for increasing sectoral efficiency including capacity building. However, more focused interventions at local level is required. | |
| Finance | Is there a public sector budget line for sanitation, and an investment plan to fund it? | 1 | Allocation of Rs. 9.35 billion (USD 130 million) for the sector has seen annual growth of 2.1%. Sanitation stand alone budget increased from $1 million (2009/10) to $2 million (2010/11). Many districts have developed their own ODF plan but lack of strong tracking system to measure the allocation. |
| Is adequate priority given to sanitation within national development plans? | 1 | Sanitation has received priority in PRSP and The Three Year Interim Plan (2007-2010). There is nearly three folds increment in sanitation stand alone budget of the current budget shows increasing trend of sanitation in development priority | |
| Has sanitation been sufficiently integrated into policies for (i) health, and (ii) emergencies? | 1 | (i) Nepal Health Sector Program II has reflected WASH as one of the cross-cutting theme with specific strategic points underneath. (ii) government is in the process of materializing disaster strategies in local development units where sanitation has been identified as one of the prioritized area. | |
| Monitoring | Is there a sanitation performance monitoring system? | 1 | Monitoring and Evaluation unit has been established in MPPW, which has consulted widely on design of monitoring mechanism. |
| Verdict (out of 20) | 13 | ||
Last edited by Traffic Lights Publication 2011 at UNICEF/WaterAid/WSP about 1 year ago
See regional summary| Category | Criteria | Rating | Justification |
|---|---|---|---|
| Verdict (out of 20) | 13 | ||
| Policy | Is there a plan for meeting the water MDG target or equivalent? | 2 | National Water Plan Nepal (2002-2027) is a concrete document supporting implementation of the policy. The plan document can be reviewed at http://www.wec.gov.np/doc/Main%20Document.pdf Besides, there is a Ministry of Physical Planning and Works, Vision Paper 2007 that supports that safe drinking water is everybody’s right and good sanitation is a hallmark of healthy living http://www.moppw.gov.np/pdf/VisionPaperinEnglish.pdf |
| Is there a comprehensive policy for water supply? | 2 | Rural Water Supply and Sanitation National Policy 2004, the Vision Paper 2007–2020 and the Three-Year Interim Plan (2007–2010) are guiding policy documents. The urban water supply and sanitation is in final stage and under process of approval from cabinet. | |
| Are there specific measures in the plan for targeting poor people, and addressing the interests of women? | 1 | Yes, there are pro poor budgeting as well as gender responsive budgeting has been introduced for ensuring pro poor and marginalized friendly development process. However, the translation of these measures in an equitable and transparent manner is the concern of the country. | |
| Institutions | Is there clear separation of institutional roles? | 1 | Ministry of Physical Planning and Works is key agency. There are also responsibilities dsitributed among Ministry of Local Development, Ministry of Health and Ministry of Education. |
| Are donors harmonising their support behind national sector plans? | 1 | Yes, sector effectiveness improvement program is under process for donor harmonization. | |
| Is there provision within the policy for water supply sector capacity development? | 1 | Yes, policies reflect need of capacity development but need more funding. | |
| Is there a lead ministry responsible for water supply? | 2 | Yes, Ministry of Physical Planning and Works is major institution responsible for increasing water access. | |
| Finance | Is there a sector investment plan for water supply? | 1 | Yes, there is Three Year Interim Plan (2007-2010) and National Water Plan that guides the process of developing sector investment plan. |
| Are actors responsible for delivering water supply services adequately resourced, particularly if local governments? | 1 | There is a trend of increasing budget in water but still most of the funding sources are centralized. Local government control and coordination on budget is not significant. | |
| Monitoring | Is there an effective framework for performance monitoring? | 1 | Monitoring and Evaluation unit has been established in Ministry of Physical Planning and Work. The unit has initiated process of consulting with concerned stakeholders in designing monitoring mechanism. However, it is more focused to rural initiatives http://rwash.org/new/default.asp?l=1&m=20 Besides, monitoring has been progressed through Sector efficiency improvement unit and initiatives like participatory monitoring programs and National management improvement project. |
| Verdict (out of 20) | 13 | ||
| Financial indicators | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gov. WASH Budget as % of total budget | 2.82 | 2.78 | 2.78 | 2.43 | 2.77 | N/A |
| Gov. WASH budget as % of GDP | 0.621 | 0.645 | 0.805 | 0.702 | 0.828 | N/A |
| Gov. WASH budget (current $US, millions) | 56.1 | 66.6 | 101 | 90.5 | 125 | N/A |
| Gov. WASH Budget (local currency, millions) | 4,060 | 4,690 | 6,560 | 6,960 | 9,350 | N/A |
| Gov. budget for sanitation only (local currency, millions) | 200 | 250 | 300 | 360 | 590 | N/A |
| Total Gov. budget (local currency, millions) | 144,000 | 169,000 | 236,000 | 286,000 | 338,000 | N/A |
| GDP (current $US, millions, IMF) | 9,040 | 10,300 | 12,500 | 12,900 | 15,100 | 15,200 |
| Average $US exchange rate for that year (xe.com) | 72.3 | 70.5 | 65 | 76.9 | 74.7 | 74.5 |
| Water | Sanitation |
|---|---|
| 88% | 31% |
There are a number of ways to measure the proportion of people that have access to sanitation and water in a country. Governments often use a combination of management information systems and household surveys.
The official data which the UN uses to monitor progress on the Millenium Development Goals (MDGs) comes from the WHO / UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP). JMP aggregates data from household surveys carried out by governments.
WASHwatch.org shows JMP data because it is comparable across countries and uses the MDG definitions of access to sanitation and water. Some Governments prefer to quote the latest data from their household surveys, the best source of this information is the national statistics bureau or equivalent.